Chapter 2. Fortran

• Basics of Fortran
  • History
  • Fortran 77
  • Fortran 90/95
  • Why Fortran?
  • Compilers
  • Getting gfortran
  • File extensions
  • Compiling, linking, and running a Fortran code
  • Sample codes
  • Intrinsic functions
  • Default 8-byte real numbers
  • Fortran Arrays
  • Loops
  • if-then-else
  • Booleans
  • Line Continuation
• Fortran Flags
  • Double precision flags
  • Output flags
  • Warning flags
  • Debugging flags
  • Optimization flags
  • Practical gfortran flags for development and production runs
  • Further reading
• Fortran subroutines and functions
  • Functions, external and internal
  • Modifying arguments
  • The use of intent
  • Subroutines
  • Subroutine in a module
• Fortran array storage
  • Passing rank 1 arrays to subroutines, Fortran 77 style
  • Fortran arrays of higher rank
  • Why do we care how arrays are stored?
• Fortran modules
  • Some reasons to use modules
  • Compiling modules
  • Circles module example
  • Module variables and parameters
  • The public and private keywords
• Makefiles
  • Makefile Rules
  • Makefile examples
• Fortran Input/Output
  • Printing to the terminal
  • Writing to a file
  • Reading input
• Fortran debugging
  • Print statements
  • Compiling with various gfortran flags
  • The gdb debugger
  • Valgrind
• External Libraries for Scientific Computing
  • Advantages of using external libraries
  • About BLAS and LAPACK
  • Installing BLAS and LAPACK
• Fortran Example – Mathieu functions and characteristics
  • Re-casting the problem
  • The code
  • The mathieu.f90 file
  • The diffop.f90 file
  • The problemsetup.f90 file
  • The utility.f90 file
  • The Makefile
• Fortran Example – Newton’s method to find a root