Dominy Lab - Spectral Data


	Kibale National Park, Uganda Illuminants Fruits Leaves

	Pasoh Forest, Malaysia Fruits Leaves

	Bukit Timah, Singapore Fruits Leaves

	Carlos Botelho State Park, Brazil Illuminants Fruits Leaves

	Barro Colorado Island, Panama Leaves

Spectral Data

Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore

Spectral data were collected in August 2003, Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, central Singapore (1°21'N, 103°47'E). Approximately 225 ha in size, the reserve consists of primary lowland dipterocarp and secondary forest. Annual rainfall is ca. 2600 mm (Corlett, 1990). Plant taxonomy follows Turner (1995a,b).

Methodology

Reflectance spectra were measured with an Ocean Optics S2000 spectrometer (Dunedin, FL, USA), diffraction grating No. 2, admitting light from 200-850 nm. Within 4 h of collection, fruit and leaf specimens were mounted in a custom-built chamber and illuminated with a 12-volt, 3100-Kelvin tungsten halogen lamp (LS-1; Ocean Optics; range: 350-700 nm). Light was focused onto specimens through a 400-µm diameter patch fiber-optic cable and lens (Ocean Optics) and then collected with a second lens and transmitted through a 200-µm fiber cable to the diffraction grating of the S2000. Specimens were placed 45° to the incident illumination with 20-degree axes separated the illuminating and recording lenses. Spectra were referenced to barium sulfate. For further details the reader is referred to Lucas et al. (2001). The files below are provided as tab-delimited .txt files.

Data

Fruits

Plant species	Early developmental stages	Final developmental stages	Notes

Leaves

Plant species	Young leaves	Middle-aged leaves	Mature leaves	Notes

Literature Cited

Corlett, R.T. (1990). Flora and reproductive phenology of the rain-forest of Bukit Timah, Singapore. Journal of Tropical Ecology 6:55-63.

Lucas, P.W., Beta, T., Darvell, B.W., Dominy, N.J., Essackjee, H.C., Lee, P.K.D., Osorio, D., Yamashita, N., and Yuen, T.D.B. (2001). Field kit to characterize physical, chemical, and spatial aspects of potential primate foods. Folia Primatologica 72:11-25.

Turner, I.M. (1995a). A catalogue of the vascular plants of Malaya. Gardens Bulletin of Singapore 47(1):1-346.

Turner, I.M. (1995b). A catalogue of the vascular plants of Malaya. Gardens Bulletin of Singapore 47(2):347-757.

Acknowledgements

These data were collected with the assistance of S. Ahmad, L. Alport, K.Y. Ang, and H.T.W. Tan. Research permission was granted by the the National Parks Board of Singapore (permit no. RP328A). Funding was received from the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity and a Ruth L. Kirschstein National Service Research Award from the National Institutes of Health (5F32GM064287).